Aluminium hydroxide – Medical Supplies Bandages Manufacturer – Band Aid Bandages
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Production Bauxites are heated in pressure vessels with sodium hydroxide solution at 150200 C through which aluminium is dissolved as aluminate Bayer process After separation of ferruginous residue red mud by filtering pure gibbsite is precipitated when the liquid is cooled and seeded with fine grained aluminium hydroxide The aluminium hydroxide is further calcined to give alumina which may be smelted in the Hall Hroult process in order to produce aluminium Chemistry Gibbsite has a typical metal hydroxide structure with hydrogen bonds It is built up of double layers of hydroxyl groups with aluminium ions occupying two thirds of the octahedral holes between the two layers Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric It dissolves in acid forming Al H2O 63 hexaaquaaluminate or its hydrolysis products It also dissolves in strong alkali forming Al OH 4 tetrahydroxoaluminate Pharmacology Pharmacologically this compound is used as an antacid under names such as Alu Cap Aludrox or Pepsamar The hydroxide reacts with excess acid in the stomach reducing its acidity This decrease of acidity of the contents of the stomach may in turn help to relieve the symptoms of ulcers heartburn or dyspepsia It can also cause constipation and is therefore often used with magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate which have counterbalancing laxative effects This compound is also used to control phosphate phosphorus levels in the blood of people suffering from kidney failure Aluminium hydroxide is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines e g Alhydrogel Anthrax Vaccine since it appears to contribute to induction of a good antibody Th2 response Its pharmacological action is not known However it has little capacity to stimulate cellular Th1 immune responses important for protection against many pathogens Because the brain lesions found in Alzheimer s disease sometimes contain traces of aluminium there is concern that consumption of excess aluminium compounds may cause or contribute to the development of this and other neurodegenerative diseases However multiple epidemiological studies have found no connection between exposure to aluminium and neurological disorders In addition elevated aluminium levels in blood resulting from kidney dialysis with well water containing high aluminium may result in dementia that is similar to but probably different from that of Alzheimer s disease However this hypothesis is controversial In 2007 tests with mice of the anthrax vaccine using aluminium hydroxide adjuvant were reported as resulting in adverse neuropathy symptoms Use as a fire retardant Aluminium hydroxide also finds use as a fire retardant filler for polymer applications in a similar way to magnesium hydroxide and hydromagnesite It decomposes at about 180 C giving off water vapour References A F Wells Structural Inorganic Chemistry 4th edition 1975 Oxford University Press Galbraith A Bullock S Manias E Hunt B amp Richards A 1999 Fundamentals of pharmacology a text for nurses and health professionals Harlow Pearson pp 160 482 160 Petrovsky N Aguilar JC 2004 Vaccine adjuvants current state and future trends Immunol Cell Biol 82 5 48896 doi 10 1111 j 0818 9641 2004 01272 x 160 Perl DP Moalem S 2006 Aluminum and Alzheimer s disease a personal perspective after 25 years J Alzheimers Dis 9 3 Suppl 291300 PMID 17004365 http iospress metapress com openurl asp genre article amp issn 1387 2877 amp volume 9 amp issue 3 amp spage 291 160 Kawahara M November 2005 Effects of aluminum on the nervous system and its possible link with neurodegenerative diseases J Alzheimers Dis 8 2 17182 discussion 20915 PMID 16308486 http iospress metapress com openurl asp genre article amp issn 1387 2877 amp volume 8 amp issue 2 amp spage 171 160 Rondeau V 2002 A review of epidemiologic studies on aluminum and silica in relation to Alzheimer s disease and associated disorders Rev Environ Health 17 2 10721 PMID 12222737 160 Martyn CN Coggon DN Inskip H Lacey RF Young WF May 1997 Aluminum concentrations in drinking water and risk of Alzheimer s disease Epidemiology 8 3 2816 doi 10 1097 00001648 199705000 00009 PMID 9115023 160 Graves AB Rosner D Echeverria D Mortimer JA Larson EB September 1998 Occupational exposures to solvents and aluminium and estimated risk of Alzheimer s disease Occup Environ Med 55 9 62733 doi 10 1136 oem 55 9 627 PMID 9861186 160 Carpenter DO 2001 Effects of metals on the nervous system of humans and animals Int J Occup Med Environ Health 14 3 20918 PMID 11764847 160 Petrik MS Wong MC Tabata RC Garry RF Shaw CA 2007 Aluminum adjuvant linked to Gulf War illness induces motor neuron death in mice Neuromolecular Med 9 9 83100 doi 10 1385 NMM 9 1 83 160 External links International Chemical Safety Card 0373 v 160 160 d 160 160 e 160 160 Aluminium compounds AlAs 160 AlB2 160 AlB12 160 Al BH4 3 160 AlBr3 160 AlCl 160 AlCl3 160 AlF 160 AlF3 160 AlH3 160 AlI3 160 AlN 160 Al NO3 3 160 AlO 160 Al OH 3 160 AlON 160 AlP 160 AlPO4 160 AlSb 160 Al2 MoO4 3 160 Al2O3 160 Al2S3 160 Al2 SO4 3 160 Al2Se3 160 Al2SiO5 160 Al4C3 v 160 160 d 160 160 e Drugs for acid related disorders Antacids A02A Magnesium increases motility Magnesium carbonate 160 Magnesium oxide 160 Magnesium peroxide 160 Magnesium hydroxide 160 Magnesium silicate Aluminium decreases motility Aluminium hydroxide 160 Algeldrate 160 Aluminium phosphate 160 Dihydroxialumini sodium carbonate 160 Aluminium acetoacetate 160 Aloglutamol 160 Aluminium glycinate Calcium Calcium carbonate 160 Calcium silicate Sodium Sodium bicarbonate Categories Hydroxides Aluminium compounds Inorganic compounds Phosphate binders Antacids World Health Organization essential medicines
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